Error Code 0, also known as SKErrorDomain Code=0, is an unknown error encountered on the Apple App Store, typically during testing of in-app purchases. This error signifies an unexpected issue within the StoreKit framework and can disrupt the purchase process, especially in sandbox environments. Troubleshooting Error Code 0 involves reviewing setup configurations and ensuring stable test environments.
Error Code 0 usually arises from unexpected behavior in the StoreKit framework, particularly in sandbox environments where test conditions differ from production. Common causes include network issues, incomplete test account setups, or issues within the app’s configuration in Xcode or App Store Connect. Recognizing these causes helps developers troubleshoot setup errors and ensure stable testing conditions.
This error is frequently encountered in the following scenarios:
Error Code 0 - Unknown Error on Apple’s App Store typically arises from sandbox testing issues, network instability, or configuration problems in Xcode. By following these steps—verifying sandbox setup, checking StoreKit configuration, ensuring a stable network, refreshing app cache, and contacting support—developers can effectively troubleshoot and resolve this error.
With Nami’s low-code solutions, you can avoid these setup issues, as Nami manages in-app purchases for seamless integration. Find out how at NamiML.
Error 403 - Forbidden is a common error developers encounter on the Apple App Store, typically occurring during app submissions. This error usually indicates a restriction or permission issue, either with the app’s configuration or related to non-compliance with App Store Guidelines. Fixing Error 403 requires careful review of Apple’s requirements and proper configuration in App Store Connect to ensure your app is ready for review.
Error 403 usually results from a permissions conflict or non-compliance with Apple’s guidelines. This can happen if the app’s metadata, screenshots, or required permissions are not configured according to Apple’s standards. Additionally, the error can be triggered if there are restrictions related to specific app features, like in-app purchases, that require explicit approval or validation in App Store Connect.
Understanding these causes can help developers ensure compliance and proper configuration, avoiding potential submission delays.
This error commonly occurs in the following situations:
Error 403 - Forbidden often results from non-compliance with Apple’s guidelines, missing permissions, or incorrectly configured app settings in App Store Connect. Following these steps—reviewing guidelines, setting permissions, verifying in-app purchases, and configuring geographic restrictions—can resolve the issue and improve the app’s chances of successful submission.
With Nami’s low-code solutions, developers can avoid these configuration hassles and rely on Nami to streamline in-app purchase setups, allowing you to focus on core app features. Learn more about simplifying your app deployment at NamiML.
Boost your subscription business with cohort analysis. Learn how to identify high-growth cohorts, address low-performing segments, and optimize customer lifetime value.
Imagine a business that grows exponentially, fueled by its own customers. That's what a growth loop does. By understanding how to create and optimize such growth loops, you can unlock significant business growth.
Simply stated, a growth loop is a cyclical process to acquire new customers, retain existing ones, and drive revenue growth. It's essentially a virtuous cycle where each stage feeds into the next, creating a self-sustaining system. A successful growth loop involves identifying key touchpoints in the customer journey and optimizing each step.
Cohort analysis is a powerful strategy that helps businesses understand how different groups of customers behave over time. In the context of subscription growth loops, it plays a crucial role in helping product marketers and app growth managers identify patterns, measure retention, and optimize customer journeys. By analyzing cohorts, businesses can pinpoint areas for improvement, increase customer lifetime value (CLTV), and ultimately drive sustainable growth.
Cohorts are groups of customers with something in common, like say, the month someone subscribed to your app. By tracking cohorts over time, you can get some really critical and cool insights into customer behavior.
For instance, you can find out what different groups or cohorts like to engage with, why they keep coming back to your app (or don't), and if they make additional purchases or upgrade to a higher subscription tier.
To effectively utilize cohort analysis, understand, track, and analyze these key subscription metrics:
👉Read more: How to Optimize Your Subscription Apps
With cohort analysis subscription businesses can uncover hidden growth opportunities. Here are some key areas you can focus on to drive that growth –
High-growth cohorts:
Analyze cohorts with exceptional growth rates to understand the factors driving their success. Begin by understanding the common characteristics of high-growth cohorts, such as demographics, acquisition channels, purchase behavior, or engagement levels. Map the customer journeys of such cohorts to identify key touchpoints and moments of truth that contribute to their success. Once you've done this, you can then tailor marketing campaigns and messaging to target similar audiences and replicate the factors that led to high-growth cohorts' success.
Low-performing cohorts:
Identify areas for improvement by analyzing cohorts with lower-than-expected performance. To do this, use customer feedback from your customer support and customer experience teams as well as product data analysis to identify the challenges and pain points faced by low-performing cohorts. Develop strategies to address the specific needs and concerns of these cohorts, such as providing additional support, improving onboarding processes, or offering tailored promotions. Continuously monitor the performance of low-performing cohorts and you can adjust your interventions as needed to drive improvements.
Understanding churn patterns is essential for improving the retention of your subscribers. By analyzing churn rates for different cohorts, you can identify which specific customer segments are at risk of churn and tailor retention strategies accordingly. Key areas to explore include:
To retain subscribers and mitigate the risk of churn, consider the following strategies:
Reach out before it's too late
Give them what they want
Bring them back to the fold with win-back campaigns
Dig deeper into customer behavior with product usage analysis
Keep them hooked with sticky features
👉Read more: Top Reasons Users Cancel Your Subscription
Effective pricing is crucial for maximizing subscription revenue. Cohort analysis provides valuable insights to inform advanced pricing strategies:
Predicting CLTV is essential for making informed business decisions. Cohort analysis plays a crucial role in this process:
By leveraging cohort analysis to inform pricing strategies and CLTV predictions, businesses can significantly enhance their revenue generation capabilities.
While cohort analysis is a valuable tool, it's essential to be aware of potential challenges and how to overcome them:
To illustrate the power of cohort analysis, let's explore how businesses in different industries can utilize it.
Cohort analysis helps you understand your customers, find ways to grow, and make your business more profitable.
By watching how your customers behave, you can keep them around longer, make more money from each customer, and find the right price and features for your products
Armed with all this data, businesses can create feedback loops that drive continuous improvement and growth. From identifying high-growth cohorts to addressing the frustrations of low-performing cohorts to improving customer retention to optimizing pricing and packaging, all of this can be used by subscription businesses to create a virtuous growth cycle.
If you want to know more about managing your subscriptions more effectively, please connect with Nami ML.
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Discover how to personalize your app paywalls to user context, device, and journey stage. Unlock tactics of paywall A/B testing to craft frictionless experiences that drive conversions.
Paywalls offer a clear path to monetization for subscription businesses. However, neglecting user experience in the pursuit of conversions is short-sighted. Frustrated users won't convert, and worse, won't return. A well-designed paywall that showcases value and prioritizes user experience can drive sustainable growth.
Great design is a cornerstone of user experience, but it's only part of the picture. Effective UX is all about understanding how users' needs and expectations shift depending on the context.
Imagine a football fan on their morning commute – they're quickly checking scores on their phone. But later, relaxing at home, they're engrossed in the game on their smart TV. A one-size-fits-all paywall won't resonate with these different user journeys.
Similarly, a user’s journey within the app also influences their receptiveness to a paywall. A new user might be curious about the app's core features, while a returning user might be more interested in premium functionalities that fit into the workflow they have already established for themselves within the app.
This is where context-aware paywall optimization comes in. By understanding user intent, device usage, and the stage of their journey within the app, you can tailor paywall messaging and design to resonate with individual users.
How do you stand to gain from this?
Not only does a user-centric paywall lead to higher conversion rates but also makes a positive user experience possible. It keeps users engaged in the long run, so you can hope for them to bring in recurring business over an extended period.
In this article, we delve into the power of context-aware paywall optimization. We'll explore the limitations of generic paywalls, discuss the importance of understanding user context and journey, and dive into strategies for creating personalized experiences that drive conversions – all with the intention of serving users the right kind of paywall that doesn't block access, but rather takes them to the other side where the grass is greener, so to speak.
👉Read more: Five Paywall Design Best Practices
Think of a supermarket where every product has a generic sign that screams "Buy this now!". That wouldn’t be very interesting or effective, would it?
Wouldn’t it make more sense to see targeted messages like "healthy yogurt for your morning routine" or "fresh vegetables for your family dinner"? Paywalls that cater to user context are like those targeted signs – more relevant and likely to resonate.
People have different needs and expectations. A busy professional on their mobile phone while traveling to their office seeks a quick and informative experience, while someone relaxing on the couch with a smart TV? Well, they don’t mind browsing a wider range of content with previews or trailers on offer. A one-size-fits-all paywall ignores these crucial differences, leading to user frustration and lost opportunities for conversions.
The key to unlocking effective paywalls lies in understanding the context in which users encounter the paywall. This is where user data, gathered with the user’s consent, of course, becomes your best friend.
Here are some key factors to consider –
A user's journey within the app is another critical piece of the puzzle. People don't just appear in your app fully ready to convert to paying subscribers. They go through distinct stages, each with unique needs and expectations.
Here's how you can tailor your paywall experience to each stage in the user journey –
And let’s say you know from tracking analytics that the user prefers cardio-related workouts to strength-training ones, then, offering a paywall that highlights "cardio-related" activities can help seal the deal. Such an approach demonstrates a deep understanding of a user’s current usage patterns and offers a clear path to, not only monetization for your business but also for enhancing the user’s experience.
In addition to the user journey stage, the kind of device the user is using also affects how they interact with paywalls.
Let’s take a look at the popular devices –
👉Read more: Paywall Placement
Just like with any marketing strategy, the key to successful paywalls lies in continuous testing and refinement. A/B testing allows you to tailor your paywall experience to different user segments, devices, and journey stages.
Here's how it works –
Imagine you have two different paywall versions - one focusing on exclusive video content and another highlighting in-depth articles. You can use A/B testing to present these variations to users on different devices.
By analyzing conversion rates, you can see which version resonates better on each of your devices. Chances are, the video paywall does best on smart TV while the one with in-depth articles is better suited for a desktop app. For a deeper dive into A/B testing paywalls on mobile apps, check out our article on A/B testing mobile app paywalls for maximizing revenue and user engagement.
A/B testing can also be used to personalize the paywall experience based on a user's journey stage. A new user who just downloaded the app might see a paywall with a free trial offer, while a user who has been actively engaged for a month might encounter a paywall highlighting premium features. This targeted approach feels less intrusive and increases the chance of a conversion.
Here are some A/B testing best practices to keep in mind –
Monetization is crucial for subscription businesses, and paywalls are a key tool to achieve that goal. However, a paywall that disrupts the user experience is more likely to drive users away than towards subscriptions. The key lies in a user-centric approach – i.e. delivering personalized paywalls that resonate with individual needs and context.
Unlocking this strategy starts with understanding your users. Analyze user data to see where they come from, what devices they use, and how they engage with your app. Knowing their journey stage – whether they are new users or long-time engaged users – is also essential. This data empowers you to craft the right message, design, and timing for your paywalls.
A/B testing is your next step. Test different paywall variations to see which ones convert best on specific devices and in different user contexts. By iteratively refining your approach, you can create frictionless paywalls that seamlessly guide users toward subscriptions.
Ready to build and iterate on your paywalls? Nami ML can help! Schedule a free consultation with our experts or sign up for a free trial of our paywall builder. Start creating and testing personalized paywalls in minutes.
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Learn how Rewarded Video can help subscription apps monetize non-subscribers, while nudging them one step closer to subscribing.
The primary monetization goal of subscription apps is to convert users into paying subscribers. Of course, not every user who installs will convert. That’s where Rewarded Video comes in.
Rewarded Video for subscription apps is great new opportunity to monetize non-subscribers, while nudging them one step closer to subscribing.
In this article, we’re going to discuss:
Rewarded Video is a type of mobile ad unit where the user watches a full-screen video advertisement in exchange for a reward. Commonly the ads are promoting other apps and providing the user a simple call-to-action to download that app.
Rewarded Video ad units are non-skippable, so users need to stay engaged for the duration to receive the reward. According to Business of Apps, this ad format often commands higher eCPMs. The format is compelling for publishers and advertisers, but also for users who receive a tangible value exchange.
For example, many games use Rewarded ad units. Users are rewarded extra lives, points, and other virtual goods.
Rewarded Video can be a useful compliment to your subscription app, especially if you offer a freemium experience. Here are a few ways you can integrate Rewarded Video into your conversion funnel:
👉Read more: Let Your Fans Support Your App with a Tip Jar
Adding Rewarded Video to your subscription app requires some product decisions as well as the right infrastructure.
For product, consider the following:
For infrastructure, you need two components to deliver this experience:
This sounds like a lot, but fortunately we provide an out-of-the-box solution to make this super easy. Nami provides the Entitlement Engine. Nami also provides integrations with Rewarded Video ad solutions.
Integrations with AppLovin and ironSource offer a Rewarded premium access experience that is easy. It requires minimal setup, limited client-side implementation steps, and no additional backend server-side. You even control how many minutes of premium access a reward is worth from the Nami Control Center.
👉Read more: Promotional In-App Purchase Best Practices
Monetization in the app economy is not easy. Rewarded Video offers app publishers another opportunity to monetize users. For subscription apps in particular, this is a powerful way to nurture freemium users towards your premium experience while also generating some incremental revenue.
To experience Rewarded access in a subscription app, check out Serenity Sounds. To be offered Rewarded access, first try to access a premium sound (anything but the first row). You will be prompted to subscribe via the paywall sheet.
If you dismiss the paywall without subscribing, you may be prompted if a Rewarded Video is available. Alternatively, navigate to Settings (the gear icon) to see if a Rewarded promotional unit shows up. In either case, watch the reward to completion to receive 1 hour of access to the premium sounds.
Do you have a subscription app and are interested in adding a Rewarded experience? If so, we’d be happy to show you how it works and talk about how Nami can help.
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We shipped a new SwiftUI app, offering a lifetime IAP and two subscriptions plans powered by Nami. See how to do it.
We decided it was time to build and ship a brand new app using SwiftUI to experience first hand the latest from Apple.
The app, now available on the App Store, is called Serenity Now.
It’s a simple audio player with a SwiftUI interface and AVFoundation under the hood. The app is filled with a collection of sounds for focus, relaxation, and better sleep.
👉Read more: Adding In-App Purchases to SwiftUI Apps
We’re in the monetization business, so we set out to implement our own Nami SDK to offer IAPs and subscriptions.
Here are the three products we want to offer:
Users who buy one of these products gets access to our Serenity Now Premium features. Those features include:
We want users to encounter our paywall during the app experience in three different places:
Now that our goals are clear, let’s see what it takes to accomplish.
SwiftUI apps don’t use the the AppDelegate we have all come to know from years of building iOS apps. Instead, the entry point for SwiftUI apps is a struct conforming to the App protocol.
That protocol has one requirement, which is the implementation of a property called body. Digging into the specifics of body is outside the scope of this article, but suffice it to say that is where you’ll kick off your app’s user interface.
For our purposes, we need a place to configure the Nami SDK. It turns out, we can provide a custom init() method on our App struct for this purpose.
Here we setup our NamiConfiguration object with our app’s unique appPlatformID (found in the Nami Control Center > Integrations > [your Apple App Store integration]
We will need to monitor changes to the the entitlements a user has access to. A change may occur if they buy one of our IAP products, or if they have a subscription that expires.
In Serenity Now, if a user buys any one of the three IAP products, we grant them access to an entitlement called premium_access.
In SwiftUI, we can monitor for user entitlement changes by setting up an ObservableObject. Specifically, we need to register with the Nami SDK’s registerEntitlementsChangedHandler callback to update our ObservableObject’s premium var.
Since premium has a @Published property wrapper, any SwiftUI view’s body will be re-invoked any time the value changes.
This is exactly what we want. If a user buys one of our products, we want any of the SwiftUI views that rely on the value of premium, to be updated. Concretely, this means any view that gates access based upon the premium_access entitlement will update if the value changes.
Next, we want to show our paywall the first time the user launches the app.
In our main SwiftUI view, SerenityNowHome, we run some code in .onAppear that checks UserDefaults for the value of a key didLaunchBefore. If the value is false, it’s the first launch of our app so we tell the Nami SDK to show a paywall if NamiDataSource’s premium var is False.
Next, we want to gate access to certain premium content in our app.
If the user does not have access to the premium content (e.g. NamiDataSource’s premium var is False), we want to present the paywall. Otherwise, we want to show the SwiftUI with the relevant content.
Finally, we want to give users a way to access our paywall from a marketing tile in the Settings section of our app.
In our Settings view, if the user does not have premium access (via our NamiDataSource), we show our NamiUpsellBannerView. If the user taps on it, we show our paywall.
If the user does have premium access, we instead show a link to Manage subscription which takes the user to the system Settings.
👉Read more:What’s New with In-App Purchases at WWDC 21
There is much more we want to do with our SwiftUI app and some advanced use cases we want to discuss in future blog posts. For now, we hope this article shows how is it is to get up and running with some very common use cases for selling IAPs and subscriptions.
You may be wondering about the paywall view itself. The paywall was created via Nami’s no-code paywall designer. The Nami SDK provides a native Swift that is configurable from the Nami Control Center so you can make changes instantly.
The SDK provided paywall integrates seamlessly with our SwiftUI app from both a user interface and usability perspective. If you’re interested in giving Nami a spin for your own SwiftUI app, you can create a free account here.
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